Evaluation of morphology of cataracts in patients with NIDDM

  • Dr. Amit Chopra Associate Professor, Department of Ophthalmology, MM Medical College, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
  • Dr. Amit Sharma Associate Professor; Department of Ophthalmology, MM Medical College, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
Keywords: NIDDM, Glycosylated haemoglobin, Posterior subcapsular cataract

Abstract

Purpose: Various population-based studies have shown the association between diabetes and cataracts and have defined various risk factors for the development of cataract. There is evidence that the risk of cataract increases with increasing duration of diabetes and severity of hyperglycaemia. This paper provides an overview of the morphology of cataracts among NIDDM patients of Himachal area of north India.

Material & Methods: This study was conducted in department of ophthalmology in MMMC & Hospital, Kumarhatti, Solan. 100 eyes of 62 patients in the age range of 50- 80 years with pre existing diabetes & cataract were recruited from Nov 17 to Oct 18 in prospective study. The morphology of cataract was categorised as per locs 3 protocol in which clinical assessment with slit lamp or grading performed on retro illumination photographs.

Results: Out of 100 eyes, 21 eyes with posterior subcapsular cataract, 16 eyes with cortical, 9 eyes with nuclear, 54 eyes with mixed component. Thirty-eight patients had bilateral cataract. After statistical analysis, it was seen that duration of diabetes & HbA1c levels are not significantly correlated with grades of cataract. However, the prevalence of 54% in case of mixed cataract in type 2 diabetes is high as compared to the monotype.

Conclusion: In this study it was found that duration of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus and HbA1C levels are not statistically correlated with the grades of cataract. Mixed cataracts were however more common than any particular morphology of cataract.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

1. Khairallah M, Kahloun R, Bourne R, Limburg H, Flaxman SR, Jonas JB, et al. Number of People Blind or Visually Impaired by Cataract Worldwide and in World Regions, 1990 to 2010. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2015; 56(11):6762-9. DOI: 10.1167/iovs.15-17201.

2. Thulasiraj RD, Nirmalan PK, Ramakrishnan R, Krishnadas R, Manimekalai TK, Baburajan NP, et al. Blindness and vision impairment in a rural south Indian population: the Aravind Comprehensive Eye Survey. Ophthalmol. 2003;110(8):1491-8. DOI:10.1016/S0161-6420(03)00565-7

3. Thulasiraj RD, Rahamathulla R, Saraswati A, Selvaraj S, Ellwein LB. The Sivaganga eye survey: I. Blindness and cataract surgery. Ophthalmic Epidemiol. 2002; 9(5):299-312.

4. Nirmalan PK, Thulasiraj RD, Maneksha V, Rahmathullah R, Ramakrishnan R, Padmavathi A, et al. A population based eye survey of older adults in Tirunelveli district of south India: blindness, cataract surgery, and visual outcomes. Br J Ophthalmol. 2002; 86 (5):505-12. DOI:10.1136/bjo.86.5.505

5. Murthy GV, Gupta S, Ellwein LB, Munoz SR, Bachani D, Dada VK. A population-based eye survey of older adults in a rural district of Rajasthan: I. Central vision impairment, blindness, and cataract surgery. Ophthalmol. 2001;108(4):679-85.DOI: https://doi.org/ 10. 1016/S0161-6420(00)00579-0

6. Mohan M. National Survey of Blindness-India. NPCB-WHO Report. New Delhi: Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India; 1989

7. Mohan M. Collaborative Study on Blindness (1971-1974): A report. New Delhi, India: Indian Council of Medical Research; 1987;1-65.

8. Government of India Annual Report 2003-4. Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, New Delhi.

9. Neena J, Rachel J, Praveen V, Murthy GV, RAAB India Study Group. Rapid assessment of avoidable blindness in India. PloS one. 2008;3(8):e2867. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0002867

10. Hu FB. Sedentary lifestyle and risk of obesity and type 2 diabetes. Lipids. 2003;38(2):103-8. DOI:https: //doi. org/10.1007/s11745-003-1038-4

11. Hamilton AM, Ulbig MW, Polkinghorne P. Epidemiology of diabetic retinopathy. In: Hamilton AM, Ulbig MW, Polkinghorne P, editors. Manag Diab Retino. London: BMJ Publishing G; 1996. pp. 1–15.

12. Klein BE, Klein R, Moss SE. Prevalence of cataracts in a population-based study of persons with diabetes mellitus. Ophthalmol. 1985;92(9):1191-6.DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0161-6420(85) 33877-0

13. Klein R, Klein BE, Moss SE. Visual impairment in diabetes. Ophthalmol. 1984;91(1):1-9.DOI: https://doi. org/ 10.1016/S0161-6420(84)34337-8

14. Klein BE, Klein R, Moss SE. Incidence of cataract surgery in the Wisconsin Epidemiologic Study of Diabetic Retinopathy.Am J Ophthalmol. 1995;119(3): 295-300. DOI:10.1016/s0002-9394(14)71170-5

15. Klein BE, Klein R, Wang Q, Moss SE. Older-onset diabetes and lens opacities. The Beaver Dam Eye Study. Ophthalmic Epidemiol. 1995;2(1):49-55.

16. Janghorbani M, Amini M. Cataract in type 2 diabetes mellitus in Isfahan, Iran: incidence and risk factors. Ophthalmic Epidemiol. 2004; 11(5):347-58. DOI:10.1080/09286580490888753

17. Chylack LT Jr, Wolfe JK, Singer DM, Leske MC, Bullimore MA, Bailey IL, et al. The Lens Opacities Classification System III. The Longitudinal Study of Cataract Study Group. Arch Ophthalmol. 1993; 111(6): 831-6. DOI:10. 1001/archopht. 1993. 01090060119035

18. Tung TH, Liu JH, Lee FL, Chen SJ, Tsai CY, Chou P. Community-based study of cataracts among type 2 diabetics in Kinmen. Eur J Epidemiol. 2005; 20(5): 435-41.

19. Li L, Wan XH, Zhao GH. Meta-analysis of the risk of cataract in type 2 diabetes. BMC Ophthalmol. 2014;14:94. DOI: 10.1186/1471-2415-14-94.

20. Srinivasan S, Raman R, Swaminathan G, Ganesan S, Kulothungan V, Sharma T. Incidence, Progression, and Risk Factors for Cataract in Type 2 Diabetes. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2017;58(13):5921-5929. DOI: 10.1167/iovs.17-22264.

21. Vashist P, Talwar B, Gogoi M, Maraini G, Camparini M, Ravindran RD, et al. Prevalence of cataract in an older population in India: the India study of age-related eye disease. Ophthalmol. 2011; 118 (2): 272-8.e1-2. DOI: 10. 1016/j. ophtha. 2010. 05.020.

22. Klein BE, Klein R, Lee KE. Incidence of age-related cataract: the Beaver Dam Eye Study. Arch Ophthalmol. 1998; 116 (2): 219-25. DOI:10.1001/ archopht. 116.2.219

23. Congdon N, West SK, Buhrmann RR, Kouzis A, Muñoz B, Mkocha H. Prevalence of the different types of age-related cataract in an African population. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2001;42(11):2478-82.

24. VK Lalitha, TA Ajith. Association of grade of cataract with duration of diabetes, age and gender in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Int J Adv Med 2016;3(2):304-8.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3933. ijam20161080

25. SD Bandhu, YG Vabale, PP Sambarey, SS Raje. A study of morphology of cataract in western India. J Clinic Ophthalmol Res. 2015;3(2):91-93.DOI: 10.4103/ 2320-3897.156594

26. Nielsen NV, Vinding T. The prevalence of cataract in insulin-dependent and non-insulin-dependent-diabetes mellitus. Acta Ophthalmol (Copenh). 1984;62 (4):595-602.

27. F. Ederer, R. Hiller, HR Taylor. Senile lens changes and diabetes in two population studies. Am J Ophthalmol. 1981;91(3):381-395.

28. S. Saxena, P. Mitchell, and E. Rochtchina.Five-year incidence of cataract in older persons with diabetes and pre-diabetes. Ophthalmic Epidemiol. 2004; 11 (4): 271–277.

29. Raman R, Pal SS, Adams JS, Rani PK, Vaitheeswaran K, Sharma T. Prevalence and risk factors for cataract in diabetes: SankaraNethralaya Diabetic Retinopathy Epidemiology and Molecular Genetics Study, report no. 17. InvestigatOphthalmol& Visual Sci. 2010;51(12):6253-61.DOI:10.1167/iovs.10-5414

30. Rowe NG, Mitchell PG, Cumming RG, Wans JJ. Diabetes, fasting blood glucose and age-related cataract: the Blue Mountains Eye Study. Ophthalmic Epidemiol. 2000;7(2):103-14.

31. Kim SI, Kim SJ. Prevalence and risk factors for cataracts in persons with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Korean J Ophthalmol. 2006;20(4):201-4. DOI:10.3341/ kjo.2006.20.4.201.
CITATION
DOI: 10.17511/jooo.2019.i03.08
Published: 2019-07-31
How to Cite
Chopra, A., & Sharma, A. (2019). Evaluation of morphology of cataracts in patients with NIDDM. Tropical Journal of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology, 4(3), 227-232. https://doi.org/10.17511/jooo.2019.i03.08
Section
Original Article