Prevalence of spectacle use and amblyopia among young people presenting to a tertiary care institution of Bihar
Abstract
Introduction: This study intended to estimate the prevalence of spectacle use and distribution of amblyopia in young people presenting to the Ophthalmology outpatient department of a tertiary care institution of Bihar, India.
Materials and Methods: This hospital-based prospective study was conducted over a period of 2 months amongst patients aged 10-24 years with refractive errors (in one or both eyes), whose refractive status, use of spectacle sat about the time of check-up and presence or absence of amblyopia were recorded.
Results: Of 1482 young people, 335 (22.6%) were already using spectacle sat about the time of check-up. Of these, 276 (82.4%) had myopic errors in one or both eyes, 58 (17.3%) had hypermetropic errors in one or both eyes, and one (0.3%) had mixed astigmatism in both eyes. Of the 1257 (84.8% of all) young people whose both eyes were ametropic and included for consideration, 186 (14.8%) were found to have anisometropia and of these, 78 (about 42%) met the criteria for amblyopia. Overall 106 (about 7.2%, 95% CI 6.0-8.7) young people were found to be amblyopic (odds ratio = 54.7, p<0.0001).
Conclusion: Only a small proportion of young people with refractive errors presenting to our tertiary OPD were spectacle-users, indicating inadequacy or lack of utilization of refraction facilities or motivation amongst patients. A strong association of anisometropia with amblyopia was observed. These findings emphasize the need for early detection and correction of refractive errors through community and school-based screening programmes to prevent amblyopia.
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