Sleep-disordered breathing a neglected risk factor in primary open-angle glaucoma
Abstract
Background: Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) is accompanied by large swings in blood pressure and the repetitive hypoxic period during sleep, which may accelerate anoxic optic nerve damage seen in glaucoma. There are many associated risk factors in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), but recently, SDB, though a neglected one, is coming up as a risk factor. However, various studies have reported controversial findings.
Objective: To evaluate the relationship between SDB and POAG.
Design: A hospital-based case-control study.
Methods: A total of 400 patients between 30–70 years were recruited from eye OPD between 2008- 2010. They were divided into two groups, 200 cases with established POAG and 200 age and sex-matched healthy subjects with normal IOP in the control group. Detailed history, complete ophthalmic and ENT examination was made along with BMI, blood pressure and neck girth measurement. Both groups were interviewed with a questionnaire regarding SDB and were recorded on the Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS).
Results: The mean age being 55.02 ± 8.66 in the POAG group and male predominance noted both in POAG and SDB patients with ESS> 10 was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Also, patients in the POAG group with ESS > 10 had more IOP and BMI, greater neck girth, high BP and more ENT problems with p-value < 0,001, which is highly significant, thus showing the relationship between SDB and POAG.
Conclusions: Increased community awareness and earlier detection of glaucoma and its correlation with SDB results in decreased morbidity.
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References
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