A retrospective study to analyse the ocular morbidity in the slum-dwelling population of central India.
Abstract
Background: The study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of different ocular pathologies in the slum-dwelling population of central India and to find its correlations with socio-demographic factors.
Methodology: The study was conducted as a cross-sectional study in 84 slum areas across Bhopal, Jabalpur and areas in the vicinity using a camp-based approach during the study period of 3 years. A total of 15478 participants attended the camp, and of them, 6177 patients had various ophthalmological conditions. A detailed history was obtained, and participants were subjected to a complete ophthalmological examination. Based upon their diagnosis, they were prescribed treatment. Referral to the tertiary care centre was done when needed.
Results: The prevalence of ocular morbidities was 39.9%. The most common ocular morbidity documented in our study was refractive errors (22.7%). Proportions of lid pathologies were significantly higher in patients belonging to less than ten years of age (36.4%). In contrast, refractive errors were observed in higher proportions of patients belonging to more than ten years of age (p<0.05). Pterygium ratio was significantly higher in males, whereas ocular malignancies were higher in females (p<0.05). Proportions of almost all the ocular morbidities were substantially higher in patients with low socioeconomic status (p<0.05).
Conclusion: The overall prevalence of ocular morbidities in the slum population is high. The most common ocular morbidity includes refractive error and allergic conjunctivitis. These morbidities correlated with age, gender and socioeconomic status. We recommend periodic screening of the slum population across all age range to prevent long term complications and disabilities.
Downloads
References
Moreno, Eduardo López. Slums of the world: The face of urban poverty in the new millennium?: Monitoring the millennium development goal, target 11--worldwide slum dweller estimation. Un-Habitat, 2003.
United Nations Human Settlements Programme Staff. The challenge of slums: global report on human settlements, 2003. UN-HABITAT, 2003.
Habitat UN. State of the World's Cities 2006/7. New York: United Nations. 2006;292.
Godbole M, Kavya NP, Nekar MS, Bant DD. A cross sectional study to assess prevalence and pattern of ocular morbidity among pre-school children attending anganwadicentres of Hubballi taluk in South India. Int J Community Med Public Health 2019;6 (2):545-9. DOI:10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20190097
Sharma M, Singh A. Pattern of treatment compliance among eye patients in a North Indian town. Ann Ital Chir. 2008 Sep-Oct;79(5):341-6.
Dalvi, S. D., and P. V. Sathe. "Survey of ocular morbidity with special reference to senile cataract in rural population." Indian Journal of Preventive and Social Medicine 16.4 (1985): 103-10.
Sehgal K, Kant L, Jain BK, Lal K. Prevalence of eye diseases in a semi-urban area. Indian J Public Health. 1984 Oct-Dec;28(4):189-93.
Kemmanu V, Hegde K, Giliyar SK, Shetty BK, Kumaramanickavel G, McCarty CA. Prevalence of Childhood Blindness and Ocular Morbidity in a Rural Pediatric Population in Southern India: The Pavagada Pediatric Eye Disease Study-1. Ophthalmic Epidemiol. 2016 Jun;23(3):185-92. doi: 10.3109/09286586.2015.1090003.
WHO. Global Data on Visual Impairements; 2010. Available from: http://www.who.int/blindness/GLOBALDATAFINALforweb.pdf. [Last accessed on 13th July 2021.
Khadse, A., Narlawar, U., Humne, A., Ughade, S., & Dhanorkar, A. Prevalence of ocular morbidities in an urban slum of central India. Health Sciences: International Journal, 4.1 (2014) 6-12.
Kumar, R., Dabas, P., Mehra, M., Ingle, G. K., & Saha, R. Kamlesh. Ocular morbidity amongst primary school children in Delhi. Health Popul Perspect Issues, 30.3 (2007): 222-9.
Prajapati, P., Oza, J., Prajapati, J., Kedia, G., & Chudasama, R. K. Prevalence of ocular morbidity among school adolescents of Gandhinagar district, Gujarat. Online Journal of Health and Allied Sciences, 9.4 (2011).
Dandona R, Dandona L. Childhood blindness in India: a population based perspective. Br J Ophthalmol. 2003 Mar;87(3):263-5. doi: 10.1136/bjo.87.3.263.
Biradar, Somashekar P., and H. S. Arvind. "A study on industrial eye injuries." Journal of clinical and diagnostic research 5.5 (2011): 1076-1081.
Gulati N, Gupta NK, Jain BK, Gupta AK, Mehta SP. Some epidemiological aspects of ocular morbidity in a resettlement colony of Delhi. Indian J Public Health. 1987 Jan-Mar;31(1):60-70.
Gattani RG. A study of ocular morbid conditions in an urban slum community (Doctoral dissertation, Thesis for MD (PSM). Nagpur University, Nagpur).
Agrawal, D., Singh, J. V., Sharma, M. K., & Mitthal, S. Ocular morbidity pattern of an urban population of Meerut. Indian J Prev Soc Med, 42.1 (2011): 74-8.
Dandona L, Dandona R, Srinivas M, Mandal P, McCarty CA, Rao GN. Unilateral visual impairment in an urban population in southern India. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2000 Mar;48(1):59-64.
Khurana, A. K. Comprehensive ophthalmology. Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers, 2019.
Nischal K, Pearson A, Jack J, Bowing KB; Clinical Ophthalmology, 7th edition, Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data, 2011
Yanoff M, Duker J; Ophthalmology. 3rd edition, British library cataloging in publication Data, 2009.
Agrawal D, Sahu A, Agrawal D. Prevalence of ocular morbidities among school children in Raipur district, India. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2020 Feb;68(2):340-344. doi: 10.4103/ijo.IJO_1454_19.
Shrote VK; Study of ocular morbid conditions in the Rural field practice area of IGGMC. Thesis for M.D., Nagpur University, Nagpur (P.S.M). 2006.
Copyright (c) 2021 Author (s). Published by Siddharth Health Research and Social Welfare Society
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
OAI - Open Archives Initiative
Therapoid
