Although Garcia was credited with first description of mirror indirect laryngoscopy [1]. Bozzini was actually the first to report on mirror visualization of the larynx and described the first indirect laryngoscope [2]. Killain in 1909 introduced the suspension laryngoscopy and in 1960 Kleinsasser developed monocular telescope and discovered the great possibilities of this magnification in detecting early pathological changes [3].

Hopkin rods have greatly enhanced the magnification and depth for detailed observation during examination of the larynx; also, they were modified to view in different angles. The invention of Hopkin rod telescope and flexible endoscope reserved direct laryngoscopy for therapeutic intentions. Laryngeal disorders are often multifactorial in etiology and to complicate matters patients may develop compensatory vocal behaviors in order to be able to communicate effectively. This may mask the true underlying or primary disorder.

Heinrich Lamm developed Fibreoptic imaging system in 1930’s & later on Hirsehowitz developed functional fibreoptic scope [4] Sawashima & Hirose in 1968 introduced flexible fiberoptic system for diagnostic and therapeutic laryngoscopy on OPD basis under local anaesthesia [5].

Laryngoscopy is examination of laryngeal structures with Endoscope or rigid laryngoscope. Direct laryngoscopy means to view the larynx directly, in a straight line, all the way through a laryngoscope, under general anesthesia or local anaesthesia. Indirect laryngoscopy means visualization of the larynx with the patient comfortably sitting or supine position using a mirror, flexible fiberoptic nasopharyngoscope & angled Hopkins Rod Lens 70 Endoscope.

Endoscopic laryngoscopy proved excellent tool for doctor as well as patient because it decreased economic burden & hospital stay as it is day care procedure & also it provides great source of clinical material for learners. Charlin B et al [6] in 1989 compared endoscopic findings in 66 consecutive previously untreated cases of laryngeal cancer. Endoscopic laryngoscopy is useful for diagnosing the cause of dysphagia and hoarseness. Dysphagia is defined as difficulty in deglutition of food and hoarseness is abnormal voice production both are very common symptoms which leads to present a patient to otolaryngology clinics.

Inclusion criteria

All patients with predominant complaints of hoarseness and dysphagia.

Patients with no or with past medical history of laryngeal diseases or surgical laryngeal procedure were accepted for inclusion.

Exclusion criteria

Age less than 10 years.

Patient presented with dysphagia due to esophageal disorders

Those with acute airway obstruction and had history of allergy to local anesthesia.

Table-1: Age Distribution

In the present study, it was found that 34.3% patients from age group 31-40, 26.2% patients from age group 21-30, followed by 15.6% patients from age group 41-50, 15.2% patients 10-20 age group.

Table-2: Gender Distribution

In the present study, 186 were male (60%) and 123(40%) were female.

Table-3: Showing comparative study between Endoscopy 70-degree Hopkins Rod Lens with that of Fiber Optic Laryngoscopy.

In the present study, the commonest problem was hoarseness and dysphagia which is a symptom of disease. Fiber optic laryngoscopy is the commonest tool that is mostly used otolaryngologists for evaluation of the dysphonic patient [10,11].

In the present study, out of 309 patients Vocal cord polyp was seen in 119 out of them 93 were matched and 26 were unmatched. Disparity from these results Bastian reported that more than 50 % of patients with voice changes are suffering from benign vocal fold lesions [12]. Brodnitz reported that 45% in his study had a diagnosis of nodules and polyps [13]. Differences from our results are probably due to that the current study did not included evaluation of laryngeal lesions by stroboscope which may considerably change the diagnosis. Sataloff et al [14], Casiano et al [15] and Woo et al [16] reported that stroboscope may lead to changes in the diagnosis in approximately 30% of cases when compared to examination with continuous light alone.

Second probable elucidation explained by Merati that in the great majority of cases involving phonotrauma, medical attention is not sought [17]. The number of patients (39) having vocal cord paralysis in FOL &Endoscopic laryngoscopy showed only 23 patient of same finding 16 patient missed diagnosed so FOL is better here.

In the present study, both methods easily confirmed matched supraglottic and glottic growth. 57(100%) patient with growth matched. Laryngeal symptoms are more common in age group 31 to 40 year and males i.e. 186 are most commonly affected, Fiber optic laryngoscopy is important for assessment of vocal cord mobility or fixation and also staging of malignancy.

The introduction of video digital recording equipments as capture devices, camera systems, monitors and the availability of computer's software had greatly enhanced the efficacy of examination by endoscopes. This will provide documentation and confirmation for reassessment without disturbing the patient with re-examination, data are also available for medicolegal reasons and provides a better way of teaching capability. Jeannon and Macnamara mentioned that photo documentation is becoming an important part of otolaryngology practice. It improves case review between clinicians and is increasingly forming part of routine practice in the current medicolegal climate [18].